Cancer will overtake heart disease as the world's top killer by 2010

By MIKE STOBBE,AP Medical Writer AP - Wednesday, December 10

ATLANTA - Cancer will overtake heart disease as the world's top killer by 2010, part of a trend that should more than double global cancer cases and deaths by 2030, international health experts said in a report released Tuesday. Rising tobacco use in developing countries is believed to be a huge reason for the shift, particularly in China and India, where 40 percent of the world's smokers now live.

So is better diagnosing of cancer, along with the downward trend in infectious diseases that used to be the world's leading killers.

Cancer diagnoses around the world have steadily been rising and are expected to hit 12 million this year. Global cancer deaths are expected to reach 7 million, according to the new report by the World Health Organization.

An annual rise of 1 percent in cases and deaths is expected _ with even larger increases in China, Russia and India. That means new cancer cases will likely mushroom to 27 million annually by 2030, with deaths hitting 17 million.

Underlying all this is an expected expansion of the world's population _ there will be more people around to get cancer.

By 2030, there could be 75 million people living with cancer around the world, a number that many health care systems are not equipped to handle.

"This is going to present an amazing problem at every level in every society worldwide," said Peter Boyle, director of the WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Boyle spoke at a news conference with officials from the American Cancer Society, the Lance Armstrong Foundation, Susan G. Komen for the Cure and the National Cancer Institute of Mexico.

The "unprecedented" gathering of organizations is an attempt to draw attention to the global threat of cancer, which isn't recognized as a major, growing health problem in some developing countries.

"Where you live shouldn't determine whether you live," said Hala Moddelmog, Komen's chief executive.

The organizations are calling on governments to act, asking the U.S. to help fund cervical cancer vaccinations and to ratify an international tobacco control treaty.

Concerned about smoking's impact on cancer rates in developing countries in the decades to come, the American Cancer Society also announced it will provide a smoking cessation counseling service in India.

"If we take action, we can keep the numbers from going where they would otherwise go," said John Seffrin, the cancer society's chief executive officer.

Other groups are also voicing support for more action.

"Cancer is one of the greatest untold health crises of the developing world," said Dr. Douglas Blayney, president-elect of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

"Few are aware that cancer already kills more people in poor countries than HIV, malaria and tuberculosis combined. And if current smoking trends continue, the problem will get significantly worse," he said in a written statement.

source http://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/ap/20081210/twl-med-global-cancer-1be00ca.html

Manage your diabetes, save your kidneys

By Dr SUNITA BAVANANDAN

Managing your diabetes properly can prevent or slow down kidney disease.

ANDY, a diabetic, is a well-educated man with a demanding job. He thought he had things under control when he decided to turn to self-medication for his condition since he was so busy.

So, he defaulted on his follow-up visit to the doctor and decided to buy over-the-counter medications. He continued this for many years until he experienced increasing lethargy and early morning nausea. A check-up confirmed he had kidney failure and his diabetes control was poor.

In hindsight he wished he had taken the time to seek professional help for his diabetes management.

Anna is a 40-year-old who had everything; a wonderful husband, a high-paying job and a house to call her own. Fifteen years ago, she developed diabetes during her pregnancy and was treated for it. She thought she was alright after that so she subsequently never went for any tests, and never saw a doctor except for minor ailments like the flu.

Little did she know, many years after this episode of diabetes during pregnancy, her blood sugar levels had started to rise and she had become pre-diabetic. Only after her elder brother was diagnosed to have diabetes did she go for a medical check-up herself. By then she was diagnosed to already have type 2 diabetes..

Anna and Andy are just a few out of the many people suffering from diabetes and kidney disease. Some do not even realise that they are at risk of having diabetes or that their kidneys are failing.

Here is what you need to know about diabetes and kidney problems.

How diabetes affects kidneys

The kidneys function to cleanse blood from any waste products and excess fluid by filtering blood to produce urine. When the kidneys are unable to filter normally, dangerous accumulation of fluid and wastes occurs in the body.

It usually takes 10 to 20 years for diabetic patients with kidney disease to develop kidney failure. This provides a big window of opportunity for kidney failure to be prevented.

However, in many instances, diabetes has already been present many years before it is detected, and organ damage may already exist at the time of diagnosis. This is why early detection of diabetes is important. Early preventive measures must be taken to control your diabetes and prevent kidney failure.

What is diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus is a condition where there is insufficient insulin produced by the pancreas or the body is unable to respond to the insulin normally. Blood glucose levels will then rise and cause damage to organs, including the kidneys.

Did you know that diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of end stage kidney failure in Malaysia? According to the 14th Report of the Malaysian Dialysis and Transplant Registry 2006, 57% of kidney failure patients had diabetes mellitus.

Kidney care for people with diabetes

Manage your diabetes

Managing your diabetes well can prevent or slow down the progress of your kidney disease, especially if your diabetes was detected early.

Achieve and maintain your targeted blood glucose and blood pressure. High levels of these are the main factors that contribute to kidney damage. In addition, if there is already kidney damage with protein leaking into urine, it is important to minimise this protein leak because it will cause further injury to the kidneys. This is usually achieved with good blood pressure control and appropriate medication.

Patients with diabetes and kidney disease are at an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes so it is also important to achieve good control of lipid levels, exercise and control weight, as well as stop unhealthy habits such as smoking. The following shows the targets to achieve:

Blood glucose: 4.0mmol/L to 6.0 mmol/L (fasting); and less than 7-8 mmol/L after food

HbA1c: Less than or equal to 6.5%

LDL cholesterol: Less than 2.6 mmol/L

Triglycerides: Less than 1.7 mmol/L

HDL cholesterol: More than 1.02 mmol/L

Blood pressure: 130/80 mmHg or lower

Don’t default on follow-ups

As tempting as it is, defaulting follow-ups can lead to further deterioration of your diabetes and diabetic complications, which include kidney disease. The problem is that complications such as diabetic eye and kidney disease are usually silent until in advanced stages. Because of this lack of early physical signs or symptoms, you may not be convinced of the need to see a doctor.

However, your doctor would be able to monitor your condition and help you control the disease. You would also have the opportunity for your kidneys to be checked routinely. To screen for kidney complications, the doctor only needs to check your blood pressure and do some simple urine and blood tests.

Remember – diabetes has the potential to damage many different organs in your body, not just the kidneys. Regular follow-up helps protect your heart and blood vessels, brain and nerves, eyes and skin also.

Medications help, not make you worse

Medications are prescribed to you by your doctor to help in controlling your diabetes, blood pressure and also other conditions.

Many patients worry that taking too many medications may be harmful but they need to understand that the probability of any permanent serious harm from medications is exceedingly low.

It is far more dangerous to allow their diseases to go untreated or uncontrolled. Avoid drugs other than the ones prescribed to you. Do also avoid traditional medications and certain types of pain-killers as these may damage your kidneys further.

Eat healthily

If you are diabetic, you need to watch your diet. You can eat normally but control your carbohydrate and fat intake. If you already have kidney damage due to diabetes, controlling what you eat can avoid excessive accumulation of wastes in your kidneys since your kidneys are not able to function normally.

Control your intake of protein, sodium, potassium and phosphorus according to your doctor or dietitian’s dietary plan.

Prevent diabetes

People with pre-diabetes have blood glucose levels higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP) was a landmark study conducted in the United States more than five years ago. It showed that about 11% of pre-diabetics may develop type 2 diabetes each year. Therefore, it is important to detect pre-diabetes early.

Like Anna, there are many out there going about their daily lives, not knowing they are suffering from pre-diabetes as the symptoms may develop gradually or not surface at all.

If you are in the high-risk group of getting diabetes, you should go for screening to check whether you have pre-diabetes or diabetes. Those who should go for screening are:

·Those with a family history of diabetes

·Overweight

·Age over 40 years old

·Those with high blood pressure

·Those with high cholesterol

·Women who had diabetes during pregnancy

Embark on a healthy lifestyle

Leading a healthy lifestyle can prevent pre-diabetes from developing into type 2 diabetes. This in turn helps prevent end stage kidney failure. The Diabetes Prevention Program found that people with pre-diabetes can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes by losing just 5 to 10% of excessive body weight through exercise, and a lower calorie and fat diet. It is recommended that you exercise 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week.

Chronic kidney disease and diabetes are common and harmful. However, most importantly, they are treatable, especially when detected early. It is important for you to work together with your doctor to prevent or manage diabetes appropriately.

> Dr Sunita Bavanandan is a consultant nephrologist. This article is courtesy of NKF Kidney Care, a community education programme by National Kidney Foundation of Malaysia. For more details, please call NKF at the NKF Hotline: 1-300-88-3110 or log on to www.nkf.org.my.

Sweet cuts

Bringing high sugar levels down to normal levels rapidly is increasingly found to confer long-term benefits for people with diabetes.

AFTER a year on medication, Amir*, 50, was taken aback when his endocrinologist suggested insulin injections to control his blood sugar. Anxiety crept in as he remembered, “wasn’t insulin only for those with very serious cases of diabetes?”

Anticipating his reaction, the endocrinologist then explained that the insulin is used to make up for the insufficient production of insulin in his body, which is not enough to bring his blood glucose levels down.

“With the doctors explanation I felt more assured. Now I’m happy my blood glucose level is under control after about a year on insulin,” says Amir.

With adjustable dials and micro-fine needles, reusablee and disposable insulin pens today are less painful and easier to use than the good old needle and syringe method of insulin administration in the past.

In the past decade, the treatment and management of diabetes have evolved. From just reaching lower blood glucose targets to recommended screening for cardiovascular diseases in people with diabetes, a more aggressive management of diabetes is advocated as the numbers ballooned in Malaysia over the years.

One of the latest developments is the increasing use of insulin earlier after the diagnosis of diabetes. “Insulin used to be the last resort in treating type 2 diabetes, but now it has changed,” says consultant endocrinologist Prof Datuk Dr Anuar Zaini.

The rationale behind this can be traced to the pancreas, an insulin-producing gland shaped like a thin pear lying behind our stomach.

A landmark study, the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (PDS), reveals that when diagnosed, a lot of the patients with type 2 diabetes show high insulin levels. This indicates insulin resistance, where the body needs to produce more insulin to maintain blood glucose at the same level.

In the same study, most patients had high blood glucose even before diagnosis, but it is not high enough to cause symptoms typical to diabetes patients. Hence it is not easily detected because most people are not even aware of it.

“This is the dangerous part, when people do not know that they have diabetes because their blood glucose levels are still not providing symptoms although they are abnormal,” says Dr Anuar.

Because the insulin levels are already high, the pancreas is working very hard to maintain the glucose levels at normal levels. But there is a limit to how much insulin a pancreas can produce, Dr Anuar explains.

As it is estimated that a person’s pancreas has already lost 50% of its function upon diagnosis, it is important to identify diabetes early so that a higher percentage of pancreatic function can be preserved.

So, if you identify diabetes when your pancreatic function is still 80%, chances are you can preserve the function by lifestyle changes and treatments better than people who are diagnosed when their pancreatic function is 50%. “Even with treatment, the pancreatic function will still continue its steady decline,” says Dr Anuar.

“If the pancreatic function decreases to a dangerous level (10 - 20%), a person may require full-time insulin to help control his or her sugar levels,” says Dr Anuar. “So what we have to do is to bring down the glucose levels fast to let the pancreas rest and recover,” he adds.

Introducing insulin

The management of the patient depends on the status of the patient when he comes to see the doctor. If the diabetes is detected late and the blood glucose level is very high, insulin is often used as a temporary measure to bring down the glucose level, says Dr Anuar.

Otherwise, doctors follow the clinical practise guidelines for diabetes management, which starts with continuous lifestyle intervention followed by oral drugs to get blood glucose levels under control.

“But if they do not reach glucose targets with those interventions, we have no choice but to use insulin and bring the glucose down to normal levels,” says Dr Anuar.

Animal studies have been done to show that when the blood glucose is brought down fast, the pancreas is also allowed to recover fast. That is the reason why there are doctors who advocate the rapid control of blood glucose with insulin, says Dr Anuar.

“By doing that, you try to reverse the injury to the pancreatic cells,” he adds.

However, the recommendation of insulin use is often perceived by patients and their family members as the progression of diabetes to a serious stage.

“We tell our patients that insulin is not the end of the road. We are using insulin now because your pancreas is already halfway ‘gone’, so we want to make sure the better survival of the pancreas,” says Dr Anuar.

Although we need more data to prove that by using insulin we can prolong pancreas survival, what we are saying is if we can get the patient to achieve their glucose targets, so be it, he adds.

While some may need insulin for a long period of time to control their blood glucose levels, some may only need it for a short duration to get their glucose levels down and stabilised within acceptable targets.

Studies have revealed that people who achieved good blood glucose control early in their diabetes are conferred benefits in preventing complications longer compared to people who did not.

So, there is incentive for us to get patients’ blood glucose under control earlier so the effects of the early control could be felt longer,” says Dr Anuar.

Pens in treatment

With the advent of disposable insulin pens and micro-fine needles, injection pain is no longer a hindrance to the use of insulin.

Amir, for instance, injects insulin every night before he goes to sleep without much trouble. “It is not that painful as the pen comes with one of the smallest needles,” he says.

Shaped like a large marker, insulin pens are also easy to carry around for those who are constantly on the move.

One of the problems with insulin injections is the risk of hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose), which may cause seizures, loss of consciousness and even death in severe cases.

There have been studies that report higher morbidity and mortality when higher doses of insulin is administered, but those communities are from the higher age group and they may be more prone to hypoglycaemia, says Dr Anuar.

“Our community involves a younger age group, and they may be a little more resistant to insulin. The incidence and complications of hypoglycaemia may be less (in this community) when you start insulin early, but we need more data to find out.

“That is why (in this community), hypoglycaemia should not be a disincentive to start insulin,” he adds.

He concludes that lifestyle intervention is still the cheapest and most effective, it needs to be sustained, which is easier said than done. So, when that fails, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment – insulin included – saves lives. – By Lim Wei Wen

Symptoms

Symptoms

At first, your blood sugar level may rise so slowly that you may not know that anything is wrong. One-third of all people who have diabetes do not know that they have the disease.¹

If you do have symptoms of type 2 diabetes, they may include:

• Feeling thirsty.
• Having to urinate more than usual.
• Feeling more hungry than usual.
• Losing weight without trying to.
• Feeling very tired.
• Feeling cranky.

Other signs of type 2 diabetes may include:

• Infections and cuts and bruises that heal slowly.
• Blurred vision.
• Tingling or numbness in your hands or feet.
• Trouble with skin, gum, or bladder infections.
• Vaginal yeast infections.

Some people have already developed more serious health problems by the time they are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Over time, diabetes can lead to problems with the eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, and nerves. Signs of these problems may include:

• Numbness, tingling, burning pain, or swelling in your feet or hands (diabetic neuropathy).
• Blurred or distorted vision or seeing flashes of light; seeing large, floating red or black spots; or seeing large areas that look like floating hair, cotton fibers, or spiderwebs (diabetic retinopathy).
• Chest pain or shortness of breath. This may be a sign of heart or blood vessel problems.

1.4j hidap diabetes

1.4j hidap diabetes
Oleh Mohamad Hussinmohamad@hmetro.com.my

KUALA LUMPUR: Kanak-kanak seawal usia sembilan tahun kini berisiko menghidap kencing manis atau diabetes jika tidak mengamalkan pemakanan seimbang, kata seorang pakar penyakit itu.Ketua Unit Endokrinologi dan Diabetes Hospital Putrajaya, Dr Zanariah Hussein, berkata trend global menunjukkan peningkatan penyakit itu kerana faktor pemakanan yang tidak berkhasiat di kalangan kanak-kanak terutama tidak mengawal tabiat makan dan minum.“Penyakit diabetes sama seperti darah tinggi dan sakit jantung akan meningkat ke tahap membimbangkan jika rakyat Malaysia tidak mengubah tabiat mereka yang suka makan dalam kadar kerap,” katanya kepada pemberita selepas perasmian sambutan Hari Diabetes Sedunia 2008 peringkat Hospital Putrajaya oleh Pengarah Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan, Dr Ismail Abu Taat di perkarangan KLCC di sini, semalam. Dr Zanariah berkata, selain faktor genetik dan persekitaran, masalah obesiti meningkatkan risiko menghidap penyakit itu.
Beliau berkata, ibu bapa perlu mendidik anak-anak pemakanan seimbang bagi mengelak obesiti serta mengamalkan gaya hidup sihat.
Beliau berkata seramai 1.4 juta penduduk negara ini yang berumur 30 tahun ke atas menghidap diabetes dan dijangka meningkat kepada 2.4 juta pada 2030.Hari Diabetes Sedunia bertemakan Diabetes Di Kalangan Kanak-kanak dan Remaja diraikan pada setiap 14 November iaitu hari kelahiran Frederick Banting yang menemui insulin bersama rakannya, Charles Best.Lebih 2,000 penghidap diabetes, pengamal perubatan dan orang awam menghadiri sambutan itu yang menyediakan kemudahan mengesan diabetes seperti pemeriksaan kandungan gula dalam darah oleh pasukan pakar dari Hospital Putrajaya. Sementara itu di PETALING JAYA, Pengarah Urusan Farmaseutikal Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Ewe Kheng Huat, berkata diabetes berada di tangga keempat dalam senarai penyakit paling bahaya yang boleh membawa maut, menunjukkan peningkatan iaitu lebih 1.4 juta rakyat negara ini menghidapnya dan 98 peratus daripada mereka menghidap kencing manis jenis dua.Katanya, data global yang terkini menganggarkan 246 juta penghidap kencing manis di seluruh dunia menjelang 2025 dan anggaran itu dijangka meningkat kepada 380 juta orang.“Apa yang membimbangkan di kebanyakan negara, terdapat 50 peratus pesakit kencing manis tidak tahu mereka menghidap penyakit ini. Kencing manis jenis dua ini yang dikatakan berlaku apabila badan mengandungi paras gula atau glukosa darah yang tinggi,” katanya.

Fizikal: Senaman lantai kuat abdomen bawah
Oleh Diyanah Anuar diyanah@bharian.com.my
KEBANYAKAN aktiviti senaman tidak begitu memberi tumpuan kepada abdomen bawah badan. Bagi memastikan bahagian ini tidak mudah sakit atau lemah, anda boleh mengamalkan senaman lantai yang cukup ringkas dan boleh dilakukan berulang kali. Gerakan senaman lantai dapat memberi impak kepada bahagian abdomen bawah kerana bahagian ini paling sukar untuk dibentuk dan dianggap bahagian paling lemah. Menurut jurulatih kecergasan Universal Fitness & Leisure Sdn Bhd, Mohamad Izham Mohlis, abdomen bawah dianggap lemah kerana amat jarang senaman membabitkan bahagian badan ini.

“Senaman bangkit tubi yang biasa dilakukan kebanyakan orang sebenarnya lebih banyak memberi kesan kepada bahagian abdomen atas berbanding bahagian bawah. “Sehubungan itu, senaman lantai adalah senaman paling sesuai untuk menguatkan bahagian abdomen bawah,” katanya memberi panduan senaman lantai seperti berikut:

A1 : Pastikan anda menggunakan tikar senaman bersesuaian. Baring dengan keadaan lengan diletakkan di sisi. Bengkokkan sebelah kaki dan luruskan kaki satu lagi ke atas.

A2 : Lakukan pergerakan ke bawah dan ke atas pada kaki yang lurus dalam kiraan sepuluh. Lakukan pergerakan sama pada kaki yang satu lagi, sebanyak tiga set . Ketika membuat pergerakan ini, pastikan pinggul anda tidak terangkat.

B1 : Baring dengan keadaan lengan diletakkan di sisi. Naikkan kaki ke atas dan bengkokkan 90 darjah. Ketika ini, pastikan anda bernafas secara normal.

B2 : Selepas itu, luruskan kaki ke atas dan bertahan dalam kiraan lima saat. Ketika melakukan pergerakan ini, pastikan anda bernafas secara normal. Ulang pergerakan ini sepuluh kali, sebanyak tiga set.

Chat Diabetes

Kencing Manis

Tumbuhan urus gula darah
KAWALAN diet pemakanan adalah satu keutamaan dalam mengawal diabetes dan mengelakkan komplikasi kelak.
SEMPENA Hari Diabetes Sedunia yang jatuh pada 14 November setiap tahun (untuk memperingati hari kelahiran Frederick Banting, bersama Charles Best yang telah membawa kepada penemuan insulin pada 1922), artikel ini akan tertumpu kepada dua jenis tumbuhan perubatan semula jadi, iaitu Kayu Manis dan Banaba, kedua-duanya telah didapati boleh mengawal takat gula darah yang tinggi.
Ketahanan terhadap Insulin, Pra-Diabetes dan Diabetes
Pra-diabetes dan diabetes jenis kedua biasanya bermula dengan kerentanan (rintangan) insulin. Penyelidik sedar diabetes tidak muncul begitu sahaja tanpa sebab.
Sebelum didiagnosis sebagai pesakit diabetes, anda mempunyai keadaan yang dikenali sebagai pra-diabetes.
Keadaan ini berlaku apabila takat gula darah anda lebih tinggi daripada biasa tetapi tidak cukup tinggi untuk dianggap diabetes dan kebanyakan orang tidak menyedarinya.
Ia bukanlah satu berita baik kerana individu yang mengalami keadaan pra-diabetes bukan sahaja mempunyai risiko diabetes yang tinggi tapi pra-diabetes juga merupakan suatu risiko bagi serangan jantung, strok, kegagalan buah pinggang, kebutaan dan kerosakan saraf.
Cara terbaik untuk melawan diabetes adalah pada peringkat pra-diabetes. Pemakanan yang sihat, senaman dan mengambil suplemen boleh mencegah atau melambatkan masa mulanya diabetes dan mengurangkan risiko komplikasi.
Takat gula darah (glukosa) dalam badan dikawal-atur oleh insulin, iaitu sejenis hormon yang dihasilkan di dalam pankreas.
Insulin membantu dalam pengangkutan glukosa dari darah melalui membran sel dan masuk ke dalam sel-sel badan.
Selagi membran sel masih sensitif terhadap insulin, pengangkutan ulang-alik glukosa ke dalam sel berlaku dengan pantas.
Apabila membran sel menjadi tidak sensitif terhadap insulin (juga disebut kerentanan insulin), pankreas terpaksa mengepam keluar lebih banyak insulin dalam usahanya untuk memaksa glukosa ke dalam sel.
Apabila usaha tersebut tidak begitu berkesan, akibatnya adalah takat gula tinggi yang beredar dalam darah (dianggap sebagai salah satu daripada keadaan pra-diabetes) menjadi satu kebiasaan.
Lama kelamaan pankreas tidak lagi boleh menghasilkan insulin yang cukup untuk mengawal gula darah, dengan itu diabetes jenis kedua terjadi.
Pati kayu manis larut air yang dipiawaikan
Dr. Richard Anderson, ahli kimia di Jabatan Pertanian US (USDA), mencari makanan yang mungkin menyamai tindakan insulin dalam pengawalan takat gula darah (glukosa).
Beliau menemui sejenis kelas bahan larut air dalam Kayu Manis yang dikenali sebagai polimer Polifenol Jenis-A kerana keupayaannya untuk meningkatkan aktiviti insulin lebih kurang sebanyak 20 kali ganda.
Polimer Polifenol Jenis A pati Kayu Manis larut air adalah 70 peratus lebih berkesan daripada kayu manis asli itu sendiri dan ia mengelakkan kesan alahan sampingan berbahaya yang mungkin berlaku akibat pengambilan dos kulit Kayu Manis asli yang tinggi.
Sifat peningkatan insulin Kayu Manis akan mendatangkan faedah kepada individu yang mempunyai takat gula tinggi (pra-diabetes dan diabetes).
Pada bulan Jun 2006, kajian baru menunjukkan pengambilan suplemen pati Kayu Manis boleh membantu dalam peningkatan takat gula bagi individu yang mengalami diabetes jenis kedua.
Dalam kajian itu, 79 orang pesakit diabetes mengambil suplemen (pati kayu manis) tiga kali sehari. Selepas empat bulan, takat gula darah berpuasa mereka bertambah baik sebanyak 10.3 peratus.
Tambahan pula, pesakit diabetes dengan takat awal gula darah yang lebih tinggi memperoleh lebih banyak faedah melalui pengambilan suplemen ini.
Pati Kayu Manis larut air juga mempunyai sifat antioksidan yang sangat baik. Pada bulan Oktober 2006, suatu kajian berbeza, yang dikemukakan pada sidang Kolej Pemakanan Amerika ke-47, menunjukkan pati Kayu Manis larut air mungkin mendatangkan kesan perlindungan antioksidan dalam mengurangkan kerosakan akibat radikal bebas yang berkaitan dengan takat gula darah tinggi.
Selain daripada itu, kajian ini menunjukkan pengawalan gula darah yang bertambah baik. Hasil kajian tersebut seterusnya menyokong peranan pati Kayu Manis dalam membantu individu yang mengalami gangguan fungsi insulin dan pra-diabetes.
Pati Banaba yang dipiawaikan
Beberapa jenis tumbuhan perubatan dari India, China dan Jepun telah digunakan untuk merawat diabetes.
Salah satu daripada bahan paling berkesan yang ditemui adalah asid korosolik pada daun pokok Banaba (Lagestroemic specious).
Dr. Yamazaki, profesor Sains Farmaseutikal, Fakulti Perubatan Universiti Hiroshima Jepun, telah mengkaji kesan-kesan asid korosolik berhubungan dengan sifat seakan insulinnya.
Kajian beliau menunjukkan asid korosolik mengaktifkan pengangkutan glukosa melintasi membran sel ke dalam sel menghasilkan penurunan gula darah.
Asid korosolik bertindak seperti insulin; hormon semula jadi yang meningkatkan aktiviti pengangkutan glukosa melintasi membran sel, oleh itu membantu pengurangan takat gula darah.
Kajian klinikal di Amerika Syarikat dan Jepun turut menunjukkan asid korosolik adalah selamat digunakan dan berkesan dalam penurunan takat gula darah bagi pra-diabetes dan diabetes jenis kedua.
Mengawal Gula Darah Dengan Pati Kayu Manis dan Banaba*
Secara berasingan, pati Kayu Manis dan Banaba menambah tahap sensitiviti insulin yang membantu dalam penurunan takat gula darah. Apabila kedua-duanya digabungkan, ianya adalah lebih berkesan.
Kebanyakan kaji selidik ke atas Kayu Manis melibatkan penggunaan pati larut air yang dipiawaikan untuk mengandungi Trimerik dan Polimer Tetramerik Jenis-A (polimer polifenol Jenis A) dan bagi Banaba, ia dipiawaikan untuk mengandungi satu peratus asid korosolik.
Jika anda mempunyai risiko pra-diabetes, sila berjumpa doktor untuk menjalani ujian darah. Walaupun anda beranggapan tidak mempunyai risiko, pakar menasihatkan individu yang berusia lebih 35 tahun untuk memeriksa takat gula darah mereka setiap tahun.
Akan tetapi, jika anda tahu anda mempunyai pra-diabetes, anda masih boleh melengahkan masa diabetes bermula dan mengurangkan kerosakan kepada badan anda melalui perubahan pemakanan, bersenam dan juga mengambil suplemen seperti pati Kayu Manis & Banaba yang dipiawaikan.
Walaupun banyak faedah diperkatakan mengenai Kayu Manis dan Banaba, anda harus juga mengetahui kepentingan untuk mengambil suplemen multivitamin dan mineral yang baik yang telah diformulasikan khas bagi pesakit dan individu pra-diabetes demi untuk memelihara kesihatan optimum dan mencegah penyakit.
Contoh paling tepat adalah zat makanan utama yang diperlukan dalam kuantiti lebih tinggi oleh pesakit diabetes daripada kuantiti dalam formula multivitamin dan mineral harian biasa.
Ini termasuk vitamin B1, B6,B12, Biotin, Niasinamid, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vanadium, Zink, Kromium dan Selenium.
Pesakit diabetes juga memerlukan lebih banyak Asid Alfa Lipoik, sejenis antioksidan sejagat yang boleh berfungsi dalam kawasan sel-sel berair dan berlemak.
*Makanan tambahan tersebut mesti diambil bersama dengan ubat-ubatan semasa dan tidak digunakan untuk menggantikan ubat-ubatan dan nasihat doktor.

Test Your Blood Sugar With Diabetes

How to Test Your Blood Sugar With Diabetes

(continued)

When Should I Test My Blood Sugar?

Blood sugar testing is usually recommended before meals, after meals, and at bedtime. Daily blood glucose checks are especially important for people on insulin or the sulfonylureas class of antidiabetes drugs.

Frequency and timing of blood glucose measurements should be individualized. Your health care provider will tell you when and how often you should check your blood glucose.

Note: Acute or chronic illnesses or changes in medications may affect your glucose level. You may need to test your blood glucose more frequently when you are ill.

Conditions That Affect Your Blood Sugar

Certain conditions may interfere with an accurate reading of blood sugar, and include:

• Anemia
• Gout
• High air temperature
• Humidity
• Altitude

If you are consistently seeing abnormal results, recalibrate your meter and check the strips.

The chart below gives you an idea of where your blood glucose level should be throughout the day. Your ideal blood glucose range may be different from another person's and will change throughout the day.

Time of Test	Ideal for Adults With Diabetes
Before meals	90-130 mg/dL
Before bedtime snack	Less than 180 mg/dL
*Source: American Diabetes Association, 2005

Home Blood Glucose Monitoring and HbA1c

Monitoring your HbA1c level is also important for diabetes control. Many home glucose monitors have the capacity to display an average blood glucose reading, which correlates with the HbA1c.

Learn more about HbA1c.

Average Blood Glucose Level (mg/dL)	HbA1c (%)
124mg/ dL	6.3
147mg/ dL	7
180mg/ dL	8
214mg/ dL	9
247mg/ dL	10
280mg/ dL	11

When Should I Call My Doctor About my Blood Sugar?

In most cases, a fasting blood sugar level more than 180 mg/dL is too high and a blood glucose level less than 70 mg/dL is too low. If you are having symptoms of low blood sugar, or if your blood glucose is less than 70 mg/dL and you have more than one unexplained low blood glucose reaction a week, call your health care provider.

If you are having symptoms of high blood sugar, or if your blood glucose is greater than 180 mg/dL for more than a week, or if you have two consecutive readings greater than 300 mg/dL, call your health care provider. In most cases, your doctor will suggest changes in your diabetes management plan.

How Do I Record My Blood Sugar Test Results?

Keep good records of any blood, urine, or ketone tests you do. Your records can help alert you to any problems. Also, these test records help your health care provider make any needed changes in your meal plan, medicine, or exercise program. Bring these records with you every time you visit your health care provider.

Reviewed by physicians in the Department of Endocrinology at The Cleveland Clinic.

Type 2 Diabetes Overview

Type 2 diabetes, often called non-insulin dependent diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes, affecting 90% - 95% of the 21 million people with diabetes. In this article, you'll learn the basics about type 2 diabetes, including symptoms and causes, as well as type 2 diabetes in children.

What Is Type 2 Diabetes?

Unlike people with type 1 diabetes, people with type 2 diabetes produce insulin; however, the insulin their pancreas secretes is either not enough or the body is unable to recognize the insulin and use it properly. This is called insulin-resistance. When there isn't enough insulin or the insulin is not used as it should be, glucose (sugar) can't get into the body's cells. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, the body's cells are not able to function properly. Other problems associated with the buildup of glucose in the blood include:

• Dehydration. The buildup of sugar in the blood can cause an increase in urination (to try to clear the sugar from the body). When the kidneys lose the glucose through the urine, a large amount of water is also lost, causing dehydration.
• Diabetic Coma (Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma). When a person with type 2 diabetes becomes severely dehydrated and is not able to drink enough fluids to make up for the fluid losses, they may develop this life-threatening complication.
• Damage to the body. Over time, the high glucose levels in the blood may damage the nerves and small blood vessels of the eyes, kidneys, and heart and predispose a person to atherosclerosis (hardening) of the large arteries that can cause heart attack and stroke.

Type 2 Diabetes in Children

More and more children are being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Find out about type 2 diabetes symptoms in children, the diagnosis, and the treatment in WebMD's article on type 2 diabetes in childhood. If your child is at risk for childhood diabetes, it’s important to learn specific self-care tips to help prevent diabetes.

For more detail, see WebMD's article Type 2 Diabetes in Children.

Who Gets Type 2 Diabetes?

Anyone can get type 2 diabetes. However, those at highest risk for the disease are those who are obese or overweight, women who have had gestational diabetes, people with family members who have type 2 diabetes and people who have metabolic syndrome (a cluster of problems that include high cholesterol, high triglycerides, low good 'HDL' cholesterol and a high bad 'LDL' cholesterol, and high blood pressure). In addition, older people are more susceptible to developing the disease since aging makes the body less tolerant of sugars

Type 1 Diabetes

(continued)

Who Gets Type 1 Diabetes?

Although the disease usually starts in people under the age of 20, type 1 diabetes may occur at any age.

The disease is relatively uncommon, affecting 1 in 250 Americans. The condition is more common in whites than in blacks and occurs equally in men and women.

What Causes Type 1 Diabetes?

Doctors don't know all the factors that lead to type 1 diabetes. Clearly, the susceptibility to the condition can be inherited.

Doctors have identified that an environmental trigger plays a role in causing the disease. Type 1 diabetes appears to occur when something in the environment -- a toxin or a virus (but doctors aren't sure) -- triggers the immune system to mistakenly attack the pancreas and destroy the beta cells of the pancreas to the point where they can no longer produce sufficient insulin. Markers of this destruction -- called autoantibodies -- can be seen in most people with type 1 diabetes. In fact, they are present in 85% to 90% of people with the condition when the blood sugars are high.

Because it's an autoimmune disease, type 1 diabetes can occur along with other autoimmune diseases such as hyperthyroidism from Grave's disease or the patchy decrease in skin pigmentation that occurs with vitiligo.

What Are the Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes?

The symptoms of type 1 diabetes are often subtle, but they can become severe. They include:

• Increased thirst
• Increased hunger (especially after eating)
• Dry mouth
• Nausea and occasionally vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Frequent urination
• Unexplained weight loss (even though you are eating and feel hungry)
• Fatigue (weak, tired feeling)
• Blurred vision
• Heavy, labored breathing (Kussmaul respiration)
• Frequent infections of the skin, urinary tract or vagina

Signs of an emergency with type 1 diabetes include:

• Shaking and confusion
• Rapid breathing
• Fruity smell to the breath
• Abdominal pain
• Loss of consciousness (rare)

How Is Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosed?

If your health care provider suspects diabetes, he will first check for abnormalities in your blood (high blood glucose level). In addition, he may look for glucose or ketone bodies in the urine.

There is currently no way to screen for or prevent the development of type 1 diabetes.

Learn more about diabetes blood tests.

How Is Type 1 Diabetes Managed?

Many people with type 1 diabetes live long, healthy lives. The key to good health is keeping your blood sugar levels within your target range, which can be done with meal planning, exercise and intensive insulin therapy. All people with type 1 diabetes must use insulin injections to control their blood glucose.

You will also need to check your blood sugar levels regularly and make adjustment of insulin, food and activities to maintain a normal sugar.

Consequences of Uncontrolled Type 1 Diabetes

When diabetes isn't well controlled, a number of serious or life-threatening problems may develop, including:

• Retinopathy. This eye problem occurs in 75% to 95% of adults who have had diabetes for more than 15 years. Diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes is extremely rare before puberty no matter how long they have had the disease. Medical conditions such as good control of sugars, management of hypertension and regulation of blood lipids are important to prevent retinopathy. Fortunately, the vision loss isn't significant in most people with the condition.
• Kidney damage. About 35% to 45% of people with type 1 diabetes develop kidney damage, a condition called nephropathy. The risk for kidney disease increases over time and becomes evident 15 to 25 years after the onset of the disease. This complication carries significant risk of serious illness -- such as kidney failure and heart disease.
• Poor blood circulation. Damage to nerves and hardening of the arteries leads to decreased sensation and poor blood circulation in the feet. This can lead to increased risk of injury and decreased ability to heal open sores and wounds, which in turn significantly raises the risk of amputation. Damage to nerves may also lead to digestive problems such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body's own immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas (called beta cells).

Normally, the body's immune system fights off foreign invaders like viruses or bacteria. But for unknown reasons, in people with type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks various cells in the body. This results in a complete deficiency of the insulin hormone.

Some people develop a type of diabetes – called secondary diabetes -- which is similar to type 1 diabetes, but the beta cells are not destroyed by the immune system but by some other factor, such as cystic fibrosis or pancreatic surgery.

Understanding Insulin and Type 1 Diabetes

Normally the hormone insulin is secreted by the pancreas in low amounts. When you eat a meal, glucose (sugar) from food stimulates the pancreas to release insulin. The amount that is released is proportional to the amount that is required by the size of that particular meal.

Insulin's main role is to help move certain nutrients -- especially glucose -- into the cells of the body's tissues. Cells use sugars and other nutrients from meals as a source of energy to function.

The amount of sugar in the blood decreases once glucose enters the cells. Normally that signals the beta cells in the pancreas to lower the amount of insulin secreted so that you don't develop low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). But the destruction of the beta cells that occurs with type 1 diabetes throws the entire process into disarray.

In people with type 1 diabetes, glucose isn't moved into the cells because insulin is not available. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, the body's cells starve for nutrients and other systems in the body must provide energy for many important bodily functions. As a result, high blood glucose develops and can cause:

• Dehydration. The build up of sugar in the blood can cause an increase in urination (to try to clear the sugar from the body). When the kidneys lose the glucose through the urine, a large amount of water is also lost, causing dehydration.
• Weight loss. The loss of sugar in the urine means a loss of calories which provide energy and therefore many people with high sugars lose weight. (Dehydration also contributes to weight loss.)
• Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Without insulin and because the cells are starved of energy, the body breaks down fat cells. Products of this fat breakdown include acidic chemicals called ketones that can be used for energy. Levels of these ketones begin to build up in the blood, causing an increased acidity. The liver continues to release the sugar it stores to help out. Since the body cannot use these sugars without insulin, more sugars piles into the blood stream. The combination of high excess sugars, dehydration and acid build up is known as "ketoacidosis" and can be life-threatening if not treated immediately.
• Damage to the body. Over time, the high glucose levels in the blood may damage the nerves and small blood vessels of the eyes, kidneys, and heart and predispose a person to atherosclerosis (hardening) of the large arteries that can cause heart attack and stroke.

Herba untuk diabetes

Herba untuk diabetes

‘‘Setahun yang lalu saya disahkan menghidap kencing manis. Saya sedang mengambil ubat seperti yang disarankan doktor serta mengawal pemakanan serta membuat pemeriksaan gula darah secara berkala. Bacaannya yang diperolehi biasanya tidak melebihi 8.0 mmol/L (tanpa makan). Selain ubat-ubatan, saya ingin mencuba suplemen herba yang dikatakan berkesan untuk mengawal peningkatan paras gula. Apakah yang boleh saya cuba?’’

Jawapan: Diabetes adalah penyakit yang tidak boleh disembuhkan, namun dengan penjagaan dan rawatan yang baik ia boleh dikawal dengan lebih berkesan, seterusnya mengurangkan kesan jangka panjang diabetes. Apabila disahkan menghidap diabetes, pengambilan ubat seperti yang disarankan adalah sangat penting.

Antara herba popular yang telah digunakan sejak sekian lama untuk mengawal peningkatan paras gula termasuklah fenugreek (halba). Halba atau trigonella foenum-graecum telah digunakan secara tradisional sebagai emolien yang mengurangkan keradangan kulit. Pengambilan secara oral akan mengurangkan paras gula darah akibat kesan hipoglisemiknya. Kandungan pentingnya seperti trigolline, komarin dan serat membantu mengurangkan paras gula.

Bahan aktif dalam gymnema membantu menjana semula sel beta yang merembeskan insulin dalam pankreas dan meningkatkan pengeluaran insulin. Ia juga meningkatkan aktiviti enzim untuk menyenangkan penggunaan glukosa dan meningkatkan penukaran glukosa kepada glikogen dalam hati, buah pinggang dan otot.

Ekstrak gymnema memberi kesan positif kepada diabetes jenis kedua. Dalam kajian yang melibatkan dua puluh dua pesakit diabetes jenis kedua yang diberikan ekstrak gymnema berserta dengan ubat oral hipoglisemia mendapati kesemua pesakit memperoleh kawalan gula darah yang lebih baik, dengan 21 daripada 22 subjek boleh mengurangkan dos ubat mereka. Lima subjek pula boleh menghentikan pengambilan ubat dan mengawal gula darah dengan menggunakan ekstrak gymnema sahaja.

Dua herba bermanfaat ini digabungkan dengan holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) dan peria (Momordica charantia) untuk kesan sinergistik. Sekiranya anda disahkan menghidap diabetes dan memilih untuk mengambil gymnema, pastikan anda membuat ujian gula darah dengan lebih kerap untuk mengawasi paras gula anda.

Teh Herba Misai Kucing
adalah minuman kesihatan yang mampu merawat dan meningkatkan sistem imunisasi tubuh supaya dapat mencapai kesihatan yang optima selain mencegah dari penyakit.

• Karang ginjal
• Kencing manis
• Darah tinggi
• Mengawal kolesterol
• Gout
• Reumatik
• Keputihan wanita

Sumber dari Biotech Supllies & Consultancy Sdn Bhd

Info Diabetis

Penyakit kencing manis ataupun Diabetis Mellitus merupakan sejenis penyakit yang dapat dicirikan dengan keadaan hyperglyceamia (ketinggian kandungan glukosa dalam darah), terutamanya selepas pengambilan makanan, pada penghidapnya.

Secara umumnya, penyakit kencing manis dapat digolongkan sebagai:

• Diabetis jenis pertama juga dikenali sebagai diabetes bersandar insulin (IDDM - 'Insulin Dependent Diabetis Mellitus') atau diabetis awal remaja. Diabetis jenis pertama dicirikan dengan kegagalan penghasilan insulin oleh kelenjar pankreas. Biasanya, penghidap diabetis jenis pertama mula mendapat simptom penyakit semasa kanak-kanak atau remaja. Disebabkan oleh kegagalan penghasilan insulin oleh badan, pesakit memerlukan suntikan insulin untuk pengawalan tahap glukosa darah.

• Diabetis jenis kedua boleh disebabkan oleh kerintangan tisu badan terhadap insulin dan penghasilan insulin yang berkurangan. Diabetis jenis kedua boleh dikawal secara pemantauan pangambilan makanan, pengurangan berat badan, bersenam, dan pengambilan ubat secara makan ( suntikan insulin diperlukan sekiranya pengambilan ubat secara makan kurang berkesan atau memberi kesan sampingan kepada pesakit).

Simptom / Gejala

• Kerap membuang air kencing
• Sentiasa berasa dahaga dan Selera makan meningkat
• Letih & Hilang berat badan
• Luka yang lambat sembuh
• Penglihatan sering menjadi kabur

Kebanyakan orang mempunyai satu atau lebih symptom. Ada juga orang yang tidak mempunyai sebarang simptom.

Siapakah pengidap penyakit kencing manis ?

Biasanya mereka yang datang daripada keluarga atau keturunan di mana terdapat ahli-ahli yang mengidap penyakit kencing manis sudah meningkat umur (40 tahun ke atas) mempunyai berat badan berlebihan atau gemuk mempunyai risiko yang lebih untuk mendapat kencing manis

Apakah rawatan kencing manis ?

Tiada ubat-ubat tertentu untuk merawat penyakit ini. Biasanya doktor akan mengesyorkan ubat untuk mengawal penyakit kencing manis. Adakalanya ia memberi kesan kepada penghidap-penghidap penyakit ini. Rawatan untuk penyakit kencing manis adalah melalui kawalan pemakanan yang seimbang.

Makanan yang anda makan memainkan peranan yang penting dalam kawalan penyakit kencing manis. Adakalanya, kes-kes yang tidak teruk, dapat dikawal melalui jagaan makanan sahaja.

Ubat

Kini salah satu ubat herba untuk mengawal kencing manis melalui kaedah BioTech telah dihasilkan yang dinamakan Diabegard TM. Selain daripada kawalan pemakanan, kebanyakan pesakit memerlukan ubat untuk mengawal penyakit mereka. Doktor juga memberikan suntikan insulin sekiranya paras gula didalam darah sukar dikawal

Rawatan awal adalah penting bagi….

• Menyembuhkan tanda-tanda dan gejala kencing manis
• Menggelakkan atau mengurangkan akibat-akibat buruk yang berlaku jikalau penyakit ini melarat
• Membolehkan pesakit hidup dalam kehidupan biasa dan bahagia

Ujian Air Kencing dan Darah

Pemeriksaan dari masa ke semasa termasuk ujian air kencing dan darah adalah sangat penting dalam rawatan dan kawalan kencing manis

Makanan

Seperti yang disebutkan tadi, kawalan makanan sangat penting dalam rawatan penyakit kencing manis.

Makanan harian yang anda patut makan bergantung kepada beberapa faktor seperti berat badan, umur, pekerjaan dan aktiviti yang dilakukan oleh anda dan keadaan penyakit anda. Adalah mustahak bahawa makanan harian mestilah seimbang iaitu, mengandungi semua bahan-bahan yang diperlukan oleh badan anda untuk kesihatan dan juga memberi tenaga untuk menjalankan tugas harian

Panduan makanan

Makanan yang patut dielakkan

Gula yang berlebihan, Coklat, Jem, Sirap, Aiskrim, Biskut-biskut yang manis, Susu pekat, Minuman ringan, Gula-gula jeli dan sebagainya.

Makanan yang patut dikurangkan

Nasi, Roti, Ubi kentang, Ubi keledek, Ubi kayu, Jus, Kelapa, Daging kambing, Buah-buahan jeruk, Bahan-bahan tenusu dan sebagainya.

Makanan yang boleh dimakan dengan bebas

Sayur-sayuran – kacang panjang, kobis, bawang, timun, lobak merah, kangkong, sawi, cendawan, bayam, tomato, bunga kobis, kacang bendi, terung, petola. Buah-buahan dengar kadar yang sederhana.

Penjagaan berat badan

Penyakit kencing manis berlaku dengan lebih kerap di kalangan orang yang mempunyai berat badan yang berlebihan. Didapati bahawa tindakan insulin berkesan dalam orang yang gemuk

Amatlah penting bagi penghidap kencing manis untuk sentiasa menjaga berat badan. Kalau berat badan turun, badan dapat menggunakan gula dalam darah dengan lebih sempurna dan dengan itu, kadar gula dalam darah akan turun

Kalau anda gemuk

Kurangkan makanan yang terlalu banyak karbohidrat dan lemak.

Senaman

Cuba melakukan senaman setiap hari seperti berjalan dan berkebun
Senaman yang dilakukan secara teratur adalah sangat baik untuk penyakit kencing manis kerana ini dapat menambahkan lagi pembakaran gula dalam otot-otot dan dengan itu mengurangkan kandungan gula dalam darah. Pengaliran darah juga bertambah baik.

Bahaya penyakit kencing manis tidak dirawat atau dikawal.

Penyakit ini akan melarat sehingga mendatangkan akibat-akibat buruk seperti :-

• Buta ,Kerosakan buah pinggang ,Sakit jantung ,Strok ,Darah tinggi dan Penyakit saraf. Ini boleh mengakibatkan pesakit hilang deria di bahagian kaki dan tangan. Ia tidak dapat merasai sakit, panas dengan itu boleh mencederakan diri sendiri tanpa disedari.
• Jangkitan yang menyebabkan Gangrene (tisu-tisu mati) yang boleh mengakibatkan kehilangan kaki
• Tidak sedarkan diri

Kalau tidak dirawati dengan serta merta, pesakit boleh maut

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PENYAKIT KENCING MANIS

PENYAKIT KENCING MANIS

Apa Dia Penyakit Kencing Manis

Penyakit ini telah lama diketahui manusia. Beribu-ribu penduduk di negara kita mengidap penyakit ini. Penyakit kencing manis tidak seharusnya menjadi satu penghalang kepada kehidupan yang biasa. Dengan bertambahnya pengetahuan berkenaan penyakit kencing manis dan penghasilan ubat-ubat untuk penyakit ini, tidak ada sebab mengapa anda tidak boleh hidup seperti manusia biasa

Penyakit kencing manis adalah satu keadaan di mana terdapat kadar gula yang berlebihan dalam peredaran darah. Ini terjadi kerana badan kekurangan sesuatu hormon yang dipanggil insulin yang diperlukan untuk menukar gula kepada tenaga dalam badan kita. Insulin adalah sejenis hormon yang dihasilkan oleh organ bernama pancreas yang terletak dibawah perut. Badan kita mengeluarkan tenaga untuk menjalankan tugas harian daripada makanan. Dalam perut, makanan berkanji dan bergula yang dipanggil makanan karbohidrat ditukar kepada bahan gula yang dipanggil glukos dan masuk ke dalam saluran darah di mana ia akan digunakan oleh badan untuk menghasilkan tenaga. Glukos adalah punca utama yang memberi tenaga.

Dalam keadaan biasa, insulin membantu gula (glukos) dalam darah untuk memasuki sel-sel badan untuk ditukarkan kepada tenaga. Bagi orang yang mengidap penyakit kencing manis, organ pancreas tidak dapat menghasilkan hormon insulin dengan secukupnya atau insulin yang dikeluarkan tidak dapat bertindak seperti biasa. Akibatnya, glukos atau gula tidak dapat memasuki sel-sel badan. Kadar gula dalam peredaran darah menjadi tinggi. Gula yang berlebihan ini akan disingkirkan oleh badan melalui air kencing. Inilah sebabnya, penyakit ini dikenali sebagai penyakit kencing manis. Tanpa insulin, sel-sel badan tidak menerima bekalan glukos, walaupun kadarnya amat tinggi dalam peredaran darah. Ini menyebabkan badan akan kekurangan tenaga.

Siapakah pengidap penyakit kencing manis ?

Sesiapa pun boleh mendapat penyakit ini.Tetapi mereka yang datang daripada keluarga atau keturunan di mana terdapat ahli-ahli yang mengidap penyakit kencing manis sudah meningkat umur (40 tahun ke atas) mempunyai berat badan berlebihan atau gemuk mempunyai risiko yang lebih untuk mendapat kencing manis

Apakah rawatan untuk penyakit kencing manis ?

Sebelum tahun 1921, tiada ubat-ubat tertentu untuk merawat penyakit ini. Pada masa ini terdapat ubat-ubat untuk mengawal penyakit kencing manis dan ini memberi peluang kepada pengidap-pengidap penyakit ini untuk meneruskan kehidupan yang biasa. Rawatan untuk penyakit kencing manis adalah melalui kawalan pemakanan.

Makanan yang anda makan memainkan peranan yang penting dalam kawalan penyakit kencing manis. Adakalanya, kes-kes yang tidak teruk, dapat diakwal melalui jagaan makanan sahaja.

Ubat

Selain daripada kawalan pemakanan, kebanyakan pesakit memerlukan ubat untuk mengawal penyakit mereka. Ubat-ubat ini terdiri daripada suntikan insulin.Insulin boleh diberi melalui suntikan sahaja kerana ia akan dimusnahkan di dalam perut jika dimakan

Pil

Ubat-ubat ini membantu badan menggunakan gula dengan sempurna dan dengan itu dapat mengawal penyakit ini.

Ada pula pesakit-pesakit yang memerlukan suntukan insulin sementara pesakit-pesakit lain pula boleh mengawal penyakit mereka dengan memakan pil. Doktor anda, setelah menjalankan pemeriksaan terhadapa anda, akan menentukan samaada anda memerlukan suntikan insulin atau pil dalam rawatan anda. Kes penyakit kencing manis anda mungkin tidak sempurna dengan kes orang lain dan oleh itu rawatan yang ditentukan oleh doktor anda mungkin tidak serupa dengan rawatan untukpesakit lain. Doktor akan menentukan rawatan mengikkut keadaan penyakit seseorang.

Rawatan awal adalah penting.

Menyembuhkan tanda-tanda dan gejala kencing manis

Menggelakkan atau mengurangkan akibat-akibat buruk yang berlaku jikalau penyakit ini melarat

Membolehkan pesakit hidup dalam kehidupan biasa dan bahagia

Ubat

Patuhilah nasihat doktor anda mengenai ubat-ubat yang anda perlu ambil

Jangan berhenti mengambil ubat kerana anda merasa sihat dan berfikir bahawa ubat itu tidak perlu lagi. Berhenti mengambil ubat tanpa nasihat daripada doktor anda adalah sangat merbahaya kerana ini boleh mengakibatkan penyakit anda melarat disebabkan tidak dikawal dengan sempurna

Jangan lupa untuk pergi ke hospital atau klinik pada masa yang ditetapkan untuk pemeriksaan doktor

Pemeriksaan dari masa ke semasa termasuk ujian air kencing dan darah adalah sangat penting dalam rawatan dan kawalan kencing manis

Makanan

Seperti yang disebutkan tadi, kawalan makanan sangat penting dalam rawatan penyakit kencing manis

Patuhilah nasihat doktor anda mengenai makanan

Makanan harian yang anda patut makan bergantung kepada beberapa faktor seperti berat badan, umur, pekerjaan dan aktiviti yang dilakukan oleh anda dan keadaan penyakit anda. Adalah mustahak bahawa makanan harian mestilah seimbang iaitu, mengandungi semua bahan-bahan yang diperlukan oleh badan anda untuk kesihatan dan juga memberi tenaga untuk menjalankan tugas harian

Panduan makanan

Makanan yang patut dielakkan

Gula

Gula melaka

Coklat

Jem

Madu

Sirap

Aiskrim

Biskut-biskut yang manis

Susu pekat

Minuman ringan

Gula-gula jeli

Makanan yang patut dikurangkan

Nasi

Roti

Ubi kentang

Ubi keledek

Ubi kayu

Jus

Kelapa

Daging kambing

Buah-buahan jeruk

Bahan-bahan tenusu

Makanan yang boleh dimakan dengan bebas

Serbuk lada

Rempah-rempah

Serbuk kari

Cecair – air,the, kopi,jus tomato dan limau, sup cair

Sayur-sayuran – kacang panjang, kobis, bawang, timun, lobak merah, kangkong, sawi,cendawan, bayam,tomato,bunga kobis, kacang bendi,terung, ketola.

Penjagaan berat badan

Penyakit kencing manis berlaku dengan lebih kerap di kalangan orang yang mempunyai berat badan yang berlebihan. Didapati bahawa tindakan insulin berkesan dalam orang yang gemuk

Amatlah penting bagi pengidap kencing manis untuk sentiasa ,menjaga berat badan. Kalau berat badan turun, badan dapat menggunakan gula dalam darah dengan lebih sempurna dan dengan itu, kadar gula dalam darah akan turun

Kalau anda gemuk

Kurangkan makanan !

Terutama makanan yang terlalu banyak karbohidrat dan lemak

Bersenamlah selalu

Senaman

Cuba melakukan senaman setiap hari seperti berjalan dan berkebun

Senaman yang dilakukan secara teratur adalah sangat baik untuk penyakit kencing manis kerana ini dapat menambahkan lagi pembakaran gula dalam otot-otot dan dengan itu mengurangkan kandungan gula dalam darah. Pengaliran darah juga bertambah baik

Perkara untuk diawasi : kalau anda kurang aktif dan sudah lama tidak bersenam, dapatkan nasihat doktor anda sebelum memulakan apa-apa senaman

Mengelakkan jangkitan

Pesakit kencing manis lebih mudah mendapat jangkitan daripada orang biasa. Oleh itu, anda perlu menjaga diri sendiri melalui langkah-langkah tersebut :

Selalu menjaga kebersihan diri

Tiap-tiap hari, cucikan kaki dan jari-jari kaki dengan menggunakan sabun dan air, keringkan kaki dan sapukan bedak

Mandilah selalu

Sapukan bedak di bahagian-bahagian kulit yang berpeluh berlebihan

Jaga kebersihan gigi

Menjauhkan diri dari kecederaan

Jangan berjalan tanpa kasut atau selipar

Berhati-hatilah semasa memotong kuku jari dan jari kaki

Bersih dan balutkan mana-mana luka yang ada

Berhati-hati semasa bercukur

Penjagaan kaki

Kalau peredaran darah di bahagian kaki anda tidak dapat mengalir dengan sempurna atau diganggu, ini boleh membawa akibat yang buruk dan mungkin boleh menghilangkan kaki anda disebabkan oleh jangkitan yang melarat. Oleh itu, sentiasa perlu menjaga kaki anda

Jangan menyilangkan kaki anda semasa duduk pada suatu masa yang lama

Jangan pakai kasut yang ketat

Sentiasa urutkan kaki anda

Tiap-tiap hari, berbaringlah dengan meletakkan kaki di paras yang lebih tinggi dari badan anda untuk beberapa minit

Apakah bahaya kalau penyakit kencing manis tidak dirawat atau dikawal dengan baik.

Penyakit ini akan melarat sehingga mendatangkan akibat-akibat buruk seperti :-

Buta

Kerosakan buah pinggang

Sakit jantung dan penyakit lumpuh

Darah tinggi

Penyakit saraf

Ini boleh mengakibatkan pesakit hilang deria di bahagian kaki dan tangan. Ia tidak dapat merasai sakit, panas dengan itu boleh mencederakan diri sendiri tanpa disedari

Jangkitan yang menyebabkan Gangrene (tisu-tisu mati) yang boleh mengakibatkan kehilangan kaki

Tidak sedarkan diri

Kalau tidak dirawati dengan serta merta, pesakit boleh maut

Anda boleh mengelakkan akibat-akibat buruk ini kalau anda menjaga diri anda dengan baik

Mengidap penyakit kencing manis tidak bermakna anda hidup seperti dipenjarakan

Kalau anda ikut langkah-langkah dalam rawatan dan kawalan penyakit ini, anda boleh menikmati kehidupan yang penuh dan bahagia

Kawal penyakti kencing manis untuk menikmati kehidupan yang bahagia dan sihat

Terbitan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia